新課教育合作學(xué)校
詞匯、句式夠多樣了，為什么你的托福寫作還是上不了25?
詞匯、句式夠多樣了，為什么你的托福寫作還是上不了25?
在托福寫作中（包括綜合或者獨(dú)立），對(duì)于語言準(zhǔn)確性都是有明確的要求的。
根據(jù)官方指南，綜合寫作5分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)于語法方面的要求：
Occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.
可見綜合寫作評(píng)分要到達(dá)good（4-5），在語法上的容錯(cuò)還是比較低的。即便語言表述只是偶爾影響表意的清晰，如果是常見錯(cuò)誤的話就是4分。而要達(dá)到5分，首先就是要控制錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)量，其次不能影響表述的精準(zhǔn)。
而這兩個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，我們并沒有看到類似獨(dú)立寫作中對(duì)于句法多樣（syntactic variety）上的要求，所以可以我們可以得出總結(jié)，對(duì)于綜合寫作而言，語言的選擇上應(yīng)該以準(zhǔn)確為第.一要?jiǎng)?wù)。
獨(dú)立寫作5分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（語法相關(guān)）：
though it may have minor lexical or grammatical errors.
4分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：
though it will probably have occasional noticeable minor errors in structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language that do not interfere with meaning
從4分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)往5分看齊，我們可以了解到一篇5分的文章，句子結(jié)構(gòu)上，詞形上，短語使用上的錯(cuò)誤必然是極少的。
接下來，我們大致介紹下寫作中最常出現(xiàn)的語法錯(cuò)誤：句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的錯(cuò)誤。
01、Sentence fragment
句子碎片：看上去像是一個(gè)句子，但是從語法角度來說并不是。
例如：
When Jason came at noon.?
準(zhǔn)確形式：
When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，需要從屬于主句。
When Jason came at noon, he was not prepared for an interview.
Whales in the ocean.?
句子缺乏謂語動(dòng)詞，不能成為獨(dú)立的句子。
Whales live in the ocean.
Comparing with the price last week.?
句子沒有主語，沒有謂語動(dòng)詞
Compared with the price last week, the current price is 20% lower.
02、Run-on sentence
把兩個(gè)或者以上的獨(dú)立句寫在了一個(gè)句子里，沒有明確的用有效的標(biāo)點(diǎn)隔離。
例如：
The author states that buzzing should be banned, however, the professor disagrees, and challenges the arguments respectively.?
準(zhǔn)確形式：
However作為副詞，不能連接兩句獨(dú)立句子。
The author states that buzzing should be banned. However, the professor disagrees, and challenges the arguments respectively.
Steve listened with puzzlement, he was not sure of which solution should be put into practice. ?
逗號(hào)不能用于連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，連詞才可以。
Steve listened with puzzlement, and he was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.
或者用句號(hào)或者分號(hào)，也能在語法上達(dá)到準(zhǔn)確。
Steve listened with puzzlement. He was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.
或者，把其中的一句改為附屬結(jié)構(gòu)。
Listening with puzzlement, Steve was not sure of which solution should be put into practice.
所以大家在備考的過程中，一定要重視語法思維的學(xué)習(xí)，寫出正確的、讓考官看得懂的話才能得！
