雅思聽力 | 不容忽視的聽力多選題

朗閣海外考試研究中心

雅思聽力中的多選題，由于在官方公布的真題中出現(xiàn)的頻率低、數(shù)量少、分布零散，以至于很多考生在備考的時(shí)候沒有引起足夠的重視。然而多選題的難度卻是同學(xué)們不能忽視的。作為考察同義替換、規(guī)避陷阱能力的題型，題目信息量大和信息的干擾性強(qiáng)是它的兩大特點(diǎn)。因此這種題型也成為雅思聽力的隱形殺手。所以朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家借此機(jī)會(huì)對雅思聽力的多選題出題思路和應(yīng)對技巧進(jìn)行深入的剖析（文中的例子均來自雅思官方指南，簡稱OG），幫助同學(xué)們攻克這種題型。

一、特點(diǎn)分析

?  選項(xiàng)的干擾性

五選二和七選三是多選題常見的兩種形式。選項(xiàng)繁多無疑是同學(xué)們的障礙，但是多選題的難度不僅僅局限于此。在雅思官方指南中多選題無論是正確選項(xiàng)還是干擾選項(xiàng)都會(huì)在錄音中被提及。這樣的特點(diǎn)讓考生無法輕易地只根據(jù)聽到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡單的勾選，而是要排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。我們來看OG Test2 Section2的多選題體會(huì)一下。下文例子中A-E均在原文中出現(xiàn)（已用黑體字標(biāo)出），這兩道題并未出現(xiàn)太多的同義替換，總體難度不大，但是稍不注意就會(huì)掉進(jìn)事先設(shè)置好的陷阱，所以同學(xué)們在做題時(shí)千萬不能掉以輕心。

Question 21 and 22

Choose Two letters, A-E

Which Two subjects did Martina like best before going to university?

A Art

B English

C French

D History

E Science

原文：

Martina: Well it’s great-apart from the studying of course.George: Yeah-me too! What are you doing? I seem to remember that you were going to do Art. That was your best subject, wasn’t it?

Martina: No- not really- I just liked the teacher. He was French and had an amazing accent. My favorite subject was History. But I couldn’t see what career that would give me.

George: Ah. Right. So what did you choose?

Martina: Well I found it really difficult to decide. I was really good atScience but I must admit I never really enjoyed studying it. So, in the end I decide to opt for English which was my second favorite subject and I thought it would be more useful to me than studying anything else. So-that’s what I’m doing. Um-how are you finding university?

?  答案的改寫性與概括性

改寫性，顧名思義就是我們經(jīng)常提到的同義替換，即答案通常不會(huì)使用選項(xiàng)的原詞，而往往會(huì)進(jìn)行同義替換。這也是難度較大的多選題慣用的伎倆。在OG Test6 Section4中這種特點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)得。該題的正確選項(xiàng)為C和E。C選項(xiàng)中的form relationship等同于developing friendships and professional networks。選項(xiàng)把friendship和network概括成relationship。這也體現(xiàn)了多選題的另一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，正確選項(xiàng)的概括性。答案信息的提供，往往是對原文信息進(jìn)行加工處理，通常以言簡意賅的語言體現(xiàn)出來。這就需要同學(xué)們具備一定的概括能力。再例如E選項(xiàng)也同樣體現(xiàn)了這樣的出題規(guī)律。文中的兩句話被縮減成一句簡短的話，reliably是對this information comes from access more trustworthy than local media的概括，而current affairs則是對latest news-to be up-to-date with local and global events的高度濃縮。這樣的例子在劍橋真題中比比皆是。

Question 35 and 36

Choose Two letters, A- E

Which does the speaker believe are TWO real benefits of online social networking?

A people can gain higher self-esteem

B people can access useful medical information

C people can form relationships more quickly

D people can improve academic performance

E people can be reliably informed about current affairs原文：

Let’s start with the benefits. Without question, online social networking allows us to pass on the latest news-to be up-to-date with local and global events-and for many, this information comes from source more trustworthy than local media. So, this is one clear point in favor of online social networking. I know that is also being used by students-as a means of increasing their chances of success- in the way that lecture notes can be shared and ideas discussed, I think, personally speaking, that we need some further research before we can definitely say whether it helps or not. There’s also been a great increase in the number of networking sites devoted to sharing advice on health issues but there are as yet no studies to prove the reliability of that advice, Now, what we do have clear evidence for is that people are developing friendships and professional networks in a way that wasn’t possible before-that process is faster.

二、多選題解題步驟

?  審題——求同存異

審題可謂是做雅思題目的關(guān)鍵步驟，多選題尤其如此。那么多選題我們又要注意哪些方面呢？

題干：

朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家認(rèn)為首當(dāng)其沖的應(yīng)該是關(guān)注題干的限定信息。例如上文的例子Which Two subject did Martina like best before going to university?（黑體字既是限定信息），對正確答案進(jìn)行了范圍的縮小，如果審題時(shí)沒有關(guān)注到這個(gè)信息，做題時(shí)勢必云里霧里。盡管文中對話的中心是圍繞女生所選的專業(yè)，但是專業(yè)的信息并不是這題的答案。同學(xué)們很容易因此而受干擾。在聽題時(shí)一定要牢記題目所需信息，不能因?yàn)樾畔⒁欢喽詠y陣腳。這是審題的關(guān)鍵之處。

選項(xiàng)：

選項(xiàng)的解讀也是至關(guān)重要的，在煩亂的信息中，我們要求同存異。即我們的審題重點(diǎn)是合并類似的選項(xiàng)，并且重點(diǎn)關(guān)注選項(xiàng)間相異的部分，因?yàn)槌鲱}點(diǎn)往往會(huì)落在相異的部分。如OG Test6 Section4中的多選題。選項(xiàng)A和C的都出現(xiàn)了Social這個(gè)單詞，但是所搭配的內(nèi)容是不一樣的。這就需要我們在聽錄音時(shí)仔細(xì)區(qū)別skills和circle, 將其劃出來。而答案句往往隱藏在相似的選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。一個(gè)詞概括就是求同存異。

Question 39 and 40

Choose Two letters A-E

Which Two claims are made by Robin Dunbar about social networking sites?

A They are not helpful for developing certain social skills

B They cannot fully reveal a person’s real character

C They are not a good starting point for building new relationships

D They do not encourage people to widen their social circle

E They will not retain their popularity with the young generation

?  聽題——見招拆招

審題結(jié)束之后，了解了多選題的出題規(guī)律和選項(xiàng)、題干的注意事項(xiàng)，接下來我們要做的就是見招拆招了。由于題目信息量大的緣故，所以我們在審題時(shí)針對性要強(qiáng)，有的放矢才能提高審題的效率。對于題干我們要劃出限定信息，把題目中需要的信息的條件牢記在心。而對于選項(xiàng)則是“合并同類項(xiàng)，注意差別”。由于大部分多選題幾乎每個(gè)選項(xiàng)都會(huì)提到，所以本質(zhì)上我們是在做一道判斷題，對于每個(gè)被提到的答案我們都要把題干中的限定信息作為衡量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在聽時(shí)迅速做出判斷，同時(shí)對于選項(xiàng)的單詞在原文重現(xiàn)的情況要多加小心，因?yàn)楹芸赡苁窍葳濉?/p>

三、總結(jié)

本文中，我們通過對OG的深度解讀，把握了雅思聽力多選題的考試規(guī)律，并且從規(guī)律本身出發(fā)總結(jié)了審題的要點(diǎn)和聽題的訣竅。最后朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家用幾句話來概括一下多選題的解題要點(diǎn)，讓同學(xué)們輕松把握多選題。

審題 （1）題干——?jiǎng)澇鱿薅ㄐ畔ⅰ?/p>

     （2）選項(xiàng)——合并同類項(xiàng)，注意差別。

聽題 （1）通過限定信息判斷每個(gè)選項(xiàng)是否符合題意。

（2）注意選項(xiàng)的同義替換，原文重現(xiàn)需謹(jǐn)慎。